Paintsil E., Verevochkin S.V., Dukhovlinova E., Niccolai L.M., Barbour R., White E., Toussova O.V., Kozlov A.P., and Heimer R.  (In Press). Hepatitis C Virus Infection Among Drug Injectors in St. Petersburg, Russia: Social and Molecular Epidemiology of an Endemic Infection. Addiction, (), .

Kruse, G.R., Barbour, R., Heimer, R., Shaboltas, A.V., Toussova, O.V., Hoffman, I.F., Kozlov, A.P.  (2009). Drug Choice, Spatial Distribution, HIV Risk, and HIV Prevalence among Injection Drug Users in St. Petersburg, Russia. Harm Reduction Journal, 6(22), .

Toussova, O.V., Shcherbakova, I.S., Volkova, G.V., Niccolai, L.M., Heimer, R. and Kozlov, A.P.  (2009). Potential bridges of heterosexual HIV transmission from drug users to the general population in St. Petersburg, Russia: is it easy to be a young female?. Journal of Urban Health, 86(Suppl 1), 121-130.

Grau, L.E., Green, T.C., Torban, M., Blinnikova, K., Krupitsky, E.M., Ilyuk, R., Kozlov, A.P., and Heimer, R.  (2009). Psychosocial and Contextual Correlates of Opioid Overdose Risk among Drug Users in St. Petersburg, Russia. Harm Reduction Journal, 6(), 17.

Iguchi, M.Y., Ober, A.J., Berry, S.H., Fain, T., Heckathorn, D.D., Gorbach, P., Heimer, R., Kozlov, A.P., Ouellet, L.J., Shoptaw, S., and Zule, W.A.  (2009). Simultaneous Recruitment of Drug Users and Men Who Have Sex with Men in the United States and Russia using Respondent Driven Sampling: Sampling Methods and Implications. Journal of Urban Health, 86(Suppl 1), 5-31.

Green, T.C., Grau, L.E., Blinnikova, K., Torban, M., Krupitsky, E., Ilyuk, R., Kozlov, A.P., & Heimer, R.  (2009). Social and Structural Aspects of the Overdose Risk Environment in St. Petersburg, Russia. International Journal of Drug Policy, 20(3), 270-276.

Niccolai, L.M., Shcherbakova, I.S., Toussova, O.V., Kozlov, A.P., and Heimer, R.  (2009). The potential for bridging of HIV transmission in Russian Federation: Sex risk behaviors and HIV prevalence among drug users (DUs) and their non-DU sex partners. Journal of Urban Health, 86(Suppl 1), 131-143.

Sherman, S.G., Gann, D.S., Scott, G., Carlberg, S., Bigg, D., & Heimer, R.  (2008). A Qualitative Study of Overdose Responses among Chicago IDUs. Harm Reduction Journal, 5(), 2.

Fiellin, D.A., Green, T.C., Heimer, R.  (2008, ). Combating the Twin Epidemics of HIV/AIDS and Drug Addiction: Opportunities for Progress and Gaps in scale. Center for Strategic and International Studies, pp. 1-93.

Heimer, R.  (2008). Community Coverage and HIV Prevention: Assessing Metrics for Estimating HIV Incidence through Syringe Exchange. International Journal of Drug Policy, 19S(), S65-S73.

Green, T.C., Heimer, R., & Grau, L.E.  (2008). Distinguishing Signs of Opioid Overdose and Indication for Naloxone: An Evaluation of Six Overdose Training and Naloxone Distribution Programs in the United States. Addiction, 103(6), 979-989.

Hu, Y., Grau, L.E., Scott, G., Seal, K.H., Marshall, P.A., Singer, M., & Heimer, R.  (2008). Economic Evaluation of Delivering Hepatitis B Vaccine to Injection Drug Users. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 35(1), 25-32.

Fiellin, D.A., Green, T., & Heimer, R.  (2008, ). Epidemics of HIV/AIDS and Drug Addition: Opportunities for Progress and Gaps in Scale. A Report of the CSIS Task Force on HIV/AIDS. Center for Strategic and International Studies, pp. .

Heimer, R., Grau, L.E., Singer, M., Scott, G., Marshall, P.A., Hu, Y., & Seal, K.H.  (2008). Hepatitis B Virus Prevalence and Vaccination Rates among Hispanic Injection Drug Users Participating in a Vaccination Campaign. Journal of Drug Issues, 38(1), 335-350.

Niccolai, L.,Toussova, O., Verevochkin, S.V., Kozlov, A.P., Barbour, R., Heimer, R.  (2008). High HIV Prevalence Suboptimal HIV Testing, and Low Knowledge of HIV-Positive Serostatus Among Injection Drug Users in St. Petersburg, Russia. AIDS Behavior, (), 10.

Heimer, R., Barbour, R., Shaboltas, A.V., Hoffman, I.F., & Kozlov, A.P.  (2008). Spatial Distribution of HIV Prevalence and Incidence among Injection Drug Users in St. Petersburg, Russia: Implications for HIV Transmission. AIDS, 22(1), 123-130.

Heimer, R., Grau, L.E., Curtin, E., Khoshnood, K., Singer, M.  (2007). Assessment of HIV Testing of Urban Injection Drug Users: Implications for Expansion of HIV Testing and Prevention Efforts. American Journal of Public Health, 97(1), 110-116.

Uusküla, A., McNutt, L.A., Dehovitz, J., Fischer, K., and Heimer, R.  (2007). High prevalence of blood-borne virus infections and high-risk behaviour among injecting drug users in Tallinn, Estonia. International Journal of STD & AIDS, 18(1), 41-46.

Heimer, R., Merson, M.H., Irwin, K.S., and Booth, R.E.  (2007). HIV and Drug Use in Eurasia. in J.L. Twigg, HIV/AIDS in Russia and Eurasia (pp.). New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan Ltd.

Grau, L.E., Dasgupta, N., Harvey, A.P., Irwin, K., Givens, A., Kinzly, M.L., and Heimer, R.  (2007). Illicit Use of Opioids: Is OxyContin® a "Gateway Drug"?. American Journal on Addictions, 16(3), 166-173.

Badrieva, L., Karchevsky, E., Irwin, K.S., and Heimer, R.  (2007). Lower Injection-Related HIV-1 Risk Associated With Participation in a Harm Reduction Program in Kazan, Russia. AIDS Education & Prevention, 19(1), 13-23.

Heimer, R., and Borodkina, O.  (2007). Protecting Confidentiality of Participants in Studies of Behaviors that Transmit HIV-1 in Russia. in P.A. Marshall, Ethical challenges in study design and informed consent for health research in resource-poor setting (pp.46-48). France: World Health Organization.

Irwin, K., Karchevsky, E., Badrieva, L., and Heimer, R.  (2007). Reduced injection-related HIV-1 risk associated with participation in a harm reduction project in Kazan, Russia. AIDS Education & Prevention, 19(1), 13-23.

Heimer, R., Grau, L.E., Curtin, E., Khoshnood, K., Singer, M.  (2007). Should HIV Testing Programs for Urban Injection Users be expanded. American Journal of Public Health, 97(1), 110-116.

Heimer, R., Kinzly, M.L., He, H., and Abdala, N.  (2007). The Effect of Acids on the Survival of HIV During Drug Injection. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 45(2), 144-150.

Beyrer, C., Baral, S., Shaboltas, A., Dukhovlinova, E., Masharsky, A., Verevochkin, S., Latkin, C., Heimer, R., Hoffman, I., and Kozlov, A.  (2007). The feasibility of HIV vaccine efficacy trials among Russian injection drug users. Vaccine, 25(41), 7014-7016.

Nabatov, A.A., Masharsky, A.E., Verevochkin, S.V., Emelyanov, A.V., Lukashov, V.V., Heimer, R., Ryder, R.W., Goudsmit, J., and Kozlov, A.P.  (2007). The Rate of Epidemiological and Virological Changes during the Transition from Nascent to Concentrated HIV Epidemic Stage in the Former Soviet Union Countries. AIDS Research & Human Retroviruses, 23(2), 183-192.

Abdala, N., Grund, J-PC., Tolstov, Y., Kozlov, A.P., and Heimer, R.  (2006). Can Homemade Injectable Opiates Contribute to the HIV Epidemic among Injection Drug Users in the Countries of the Former Soviet Union?. Addiction, 101(5), 731-737.

Furano, J.P., Maguire, J.H., Green, H.P., Johnson, J.A., Heimer, R., Johnston, S.P., Braden, C.R., Edberg, S.C., Bell, S., and Hirshon, J.M.  (2006). Clinical Utility of Multiple Stool Ova and Parasite Examinations in Low-Prevalence Patient Populations. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 43(6), 795-796.

Buchanan, D., Tooze, J.A., Shaw, S., Kinzly, M.L., Heimer, R., and Singer, M.  (2006). Demographic, HIV Risk Behavior, and Health Status Characteristics of "Crack" Cocaine Injectors Compared to Other Injection Drug Users in Three New England Cities. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 81(3), 221-229.

Nataro, J.P., Mai, V., Johnson, J., Blackwelder, W.C., Heimer, R., Tirrell, S., Edberg, S.C., Braden, C.R., Morris, J.G., and Hirshon, J.M.  (2006). Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli Infection in Baltimore, Maryland, and New Haven, Connecticut. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 43(4), 402-407.

Kozlov, A.P., Shaboltas, A.V., Toussova, O.V., Verevochkin, S.V., Masse, B.R., Perdue, T., Beauchamp, G., Sheldon, W., Miller, W.C., Heimer, R., Ryder, R.W., and Hoffman, I.F.  (2006). HIV Incidence and Factors Associated with HIV Acquisition among Injection Drug User in St. Petersburg, Russia. AIDS, 20(6), 901-906.

Shaboltas, A.V., Toussova, O.V., Hoffman, I.F., Heimer, R., Verevochkin, S.V., Ryder, R.W., Khoshnood, K., Perdue, T., Masse, B.R., and Kozlov, A.P.  (2006). HIV Prevalence, Sociodemographic and Behavioral Correlates and Recruitment Methods among Injection Drug Users in St. Petersburg. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 41(5), 657-663.

Abdala, N., Tolstov, Y.L., Grund, J., & Heimer, R.  (2006). Home-made Opiate Solutions and HIV-1 Transmission Risk: A Laboratory Study. Addiction, 101(5), 731-737.

Heimer, R. Catania, H.E., Newman, R.G., Zambrano, J., Brunet, A., and Marti Ortiz, A.  (2006). Methadone Maintenance in Prison: Evaluation of a Pilot Program in Puerto Rico. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 83(2), 122-129.

Irwin, K., Karchevsky, E., Heimer, R., and Badrieva, L.  (2006). Secondary Syringe Exchange as a Model for HIV Prevention Programs in the Russian Federation. Substance Use & Misuse, 41(6-7), 979-999.

Uuskula, A., Heimer, R., DeHovitz, J., Fischer, K., and McNutt, L.A.  (2006). Surveillance of HIV, Hepatitis B Virus, and Hepatitis C Virus in an Estonian Injection Drug-Using Population: Sensitivity and Specificity of Testing Syringes for Public Health Surveillance. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 193(3), 455-457.

Irwin, K., Heimer, R. and Smoyer, A.  (2005, Spring). Drug Policy and HIV Prevention in Russia: The Case of HIV/AIDS Prevention. CIRA Conference Report, pp. 1-17.

Singer, M., Stopka, T., Shaw, S., Santelices, C., Buchanan, D., Teng, W., Khoshnood, K., and Heimer, R.  (2005). Lessons From The Field: From Research to Application in the Fight Against AIDS among Injection Drug Users in Three New England Cities. Human Organization, 64(2), 179 - 191.

Heimer, R., Catania, H.E., Zambrano, J., Brunet, A., Ortiz. A.M., and Newman, R.G.  (2005). Methadone Maintenance in a Men's Prison in Puerto Rico: A Pilot Program. Journal of Correctional Health Care, 11(3), 295-305.

Grau, L.E., Bluthenthal, R.N., Marshall, P., Singer, M,, and Heimer, R.  (2005). Psychosocial and Behavioral Differences Among Drug Injectors Who Use and Do Not Use Syringe Exchange Programs. AIDS and Behavior, 9(4), 495-504.

Heimer, R.  (2005). The Global Epidemiology of HIV Among Drug Injectors. in Pates, R., McBride, A., and Arnold, K., International Perspectives on Injecting (pp.). Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing.

Bluthenthal, R.N., Malik, M.R., Grau, L.E., Singer, M., Marshall, P. and Heimer, R.  (2004). Sterile Syringe Access Conditions and Variations in HIV Risk among Drug Injectors in Three Cities. Addiction, 99(9), 1136-1146.

Buchanan, D., Singer, M., Shaw, S., Teng, W., Stopka, T., Khoshnood, K., and Heimer, R.  (2004). Syringe Access, HIV Risk, and AIDS in Massachusetts and Connecticut: The Health Implications of Public Policy. in Castro, A., and Singer, M., Unhealthy Health Policy: A Critical Anthropological Examination (pp.). Walnut Creek: Altamira Press.

Tolstov, Y.L., Dizhe, G.P., Abdala, N., Kozlov, A.P., and Heimer, R.  (2004). The HIV-1 Inactivation by Citric Acid In Vitro. IV International Congress of Asthma, IX International Congress of Clinical Pathology, 15-23 February 2004, Bangkok, Thailand. Int. J. Immunorehabilitation, 6(1), 88.

Abdala, N., Carney, J.M., Durante, A.J., Klimov, N., Ostrovski, D., Somlai, A.M., Kozlov, A. and Heimer, R.  (2003). Estimating the Prevalence of Syringe-Borne and Sexually Transmitted Diseases among Injection Drug Users in St Petersburg, Russia,. International Journal of STD & AIDS, 14(10), 697-703.

Koester, S., Heimer, R., Baron, A.E., Glanz, J. and Teng, W.  (2003). Koester, S., et. al., Re: "Risk of Hepatitis C Virus among Young Adult Injection Drug Users who Share Injection Equipment" [Discussion of Lorna E. Thorpe and others]. American Journal of Epidemiology v. 157 no. 4 (February 15 2003) p. 376-8#http://Koester, S., et. al., Re: "Risk of Hepatitis C Virus among Young Adult Injection Drug Users who Share Injection Equipment" [Discussion of Lorna E. Thorpe and others]. American Journal of Epidemiology v. 157 no. 4 (February 15 2003) p. 376-8">Risk of Hepatitis C Virus Among Young Adult Injection Drug Users Who Share Injection Equipment. American Journal of Epidemiology, 157(4), 376.

Heimer, R., Clair, S., Teng, W., Grau, L.E., Khoshnood, K. and Singer, M.  (2002). Effects of Increasing Syringe Availability on Syringe-Exchange Use and HIV Risk: Connecticut, 1990-2001. Journal of Urban Health, 79(4), 556-70.

Grau, L.E., Arevalo, S., Catchpool, C. and Heimer, R.  (2002). Expanding Harm Reduction Services Through a Wound and Abscess Clinic. American Journal of Public Health, 92(12), 1915-7.

Heimer, R., Clair, S., Grau, L.E., Bluthenthal, R.N., Marshall, P.A. and Singer, M.  (2002). Hepatitis-Associated Knowledge is Low and Risks are High among HIV-Aware Injection Drug Users in Three US Cities. Addiction, 97(10), 1277-87.

Heimer, R., Bray, S., Burris, S., Khoshnood, K. and Blankenship, K.M.  (2002). Structural Interventions to Improve Opiate Maintenance. International Journal of Drug Policy, 13(2), 103-111.

Abdala, N., Gleghorn, A.A., Carney, J.M. and Heimer, R.  (2001). Can HIV-1-Contaminated Syringes be Disinfected? Implications for Transmission among Injection Drug Users. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 28(5), 487-94.

Abdala, N., Gleghorn, A., Carney, J.M. and Heimer, R.  (2001). Use of Bleach to Disinfect HIV-1 Contaminated Syringes. American Clinical Laboratory, 20(6), 26-28.

Grau, L.E., Clair, S., Simard, E., & Heimer, R.  (2000). HIV and Hepatitis Knowledge among Injection Drug Users: Relationship to Risk Behavior and Attitudes about Harm Reduction. Antiviral Therapy, 5(Suppl 1), C.23.

Abdala, N., Reyes, R., Carney, J.M. and Heimer, R.  (2000). Survival of HIV-1 in syringes: effects of temperature during storage. Substance Use & Misuse, 35(10), 1369-83.

Singer, M., Stopka, T., Siano, C., Springer, K., Barton, G., Khoshnood, K., de Puga, A.G. and Heimer, R.  (2000). The Social Geography of AIDS and Hepatitis Risk: Qualitative Approaches for Assessing Local Differences in Sterile-Syringe Access Among Injection Drug Users. American Journal of Public Health, 90(7), 1049-1056.

Heimer, R. and Abdala, N.  (2000). Viability of HIV-1 in syringes: implications for interventions among injection drug users. AIDS Reader, 10(7), 410-7.

Clatts, M.C., Heimer, R., Abdala, N., Goldsamt, L.A., Sotheran, J.L., Anderson, K.T., Gallo, T.M., Hoffer, L.D., Luciano, P.A. and Kyriakides, T.  (1999). HIV-1 transmission in injection paraphernalia: Heating drug solutions may inactivate HIV-1. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 22(2), 194-9.

Abdala, N., Stephens, P.C., Griffith, B.P. and Heimer, R.  (1999). Survival of HIV-1 in syringes. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes & Human Retrovirology, 20(1), 73-80.

Heimer, R.  (1998). Can syringe exchange serve as a conduit to substance abuse treatment?. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 15(3), 183-91.

Rich, J. D., Dickinson, B. P., Carney, J. M., Fisher, A. and Heimer, R.  (1998). Detection of HIV-1 nucleic acid and HIV-1 antibodies in needles and syringes used for non-intravenous injection. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 12(17), 2345-50.

Heimer, R.  (1998). Syringe exchange programs: Lowering the transmission of syringe-borne diseases and beyond. Public Health Reports, 1(), 67-74.

Heimer, R., Khoshnood, K., Bigg, D., Guydish, J. and Junge, B.  (1998). Syringe use and reuse - effects of syringe exchange programs in four cities. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes & Human Retrovirology, 18(Suppl 1), S 37-S 44.

Kaplan, E.H. and Heimer, R.  (1994). A circulation theory of needle exchange. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 8(5), 567-574.